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Scientific American, April 2008

"The Colours of Plants on Other Worlds." What everything is researched, what people think about. The Joe six-pack and get Mr. Miller did not. Regrettable. Under the subtitle "Green Aliens are so passé," it is shown that the color would depend on any alien plants on the nature of the star to the planet it orbits. Since plants obtain energy through photosynthesis, it depends on the spectrum of sunlight, such as the chlorophyll of the plant processes the light. The composition of the spectrum depends on the type of star. F, G, K, M are descending in the heat. Our Sun is a G star. From the life of a star will determine whether life could develop at all. The above-mentioned types of stars provide the necessary conditions. Logical that the area on which to develop life, closer the sun will be, the cooler it is. The light from F-stars would produce plants with a blue cast, which would of M-stars with a high proportion in the infrared range plants can appear almost black.

"Regrowing Human Limbs". Would be a fine thing if this could be because. After all, three American professors working on this issue. They wondered: Why grow the salamander limbs after and not us? If further research, this will be possible also with us, because nature has shown that it is feasible. Man must learn only to coppery better with her. Will probably take a number of decades. For the moment, there is instead a new leg only a scar. It is amazing to know precisely the cells in the salamander, the body which must be repaired, so that not a whole limb is grafted only on one half decimated. - This topic is about genes, Hox hot to cells with names such as blastema, fibroblasts, epidermis. Which nerve signals are sent out which genes are stimulated? Questions, questions that must be solved.

What I find not good is that mice limbs are chopped off, then play through the different gene expressions.

That was 2008th In the Internet I times under the names of the professors investigated whether they are still on topic. Two of them are off, the third further research.

"Reclaiming the Aral Sea." In 1960 the Aral Sea was the fourth largest on the planet. In 2007, he had shrunk to ten percent of its original size. Reason: rivers such as the Amu and Syr, which supplied the lake give off their water for irrigation of cotton and rice fields. The city of Aralsk, who lived off fishing, and sent their goods by rail to the port, is now too far from the lake, as it would be worthwhile to extend and keep channels open. Of the 32 fish species there are only 6, 32nd of 70 species of mammals 319 bird species have shrunk to 160. People die sooner because the Russians had tested chemical weapons on an island. The dried soil is thrown by wind storms in populated areas. - Now try using dams to replenish the lake. Not easy, because at the lake around new states such as Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have emerged, all of which do not participate.

"Rulers of Light" is an article from which I understood only ten percent. Therefore, only short

A new laser-type "optical frequency comb" is set to revolutionize the measurement. The comb has a spectrum that tens of thousands of like prongs. Applications could be a more precise atomic clock, over sensitive chemical detectors, communication equipment with greater capacity. - I myself stood on the war with electronic foot. When I worked for as an operating Reemtsma organizer, a colleague and I attended an evening course in the Engineering School at Berlin's gate. Electronics. This constant tangled wires and measurements of amps, volts and ohms in series and parallel circuit we went up the wall and we broke off the course.

With "The Doping Dilemma" the psychological side of doping is illuminated. Why is doping? This one, like a racing team can still feel belonging. Game theory promises of certain actions the greatest advantage. This subjective is that doping is discovered with r-Epo effectively and heavy. Those who join not to doping have bad cards. It would have some parameters are changed to reduce this fraud. For example, locks on forever.

In "Carbon Wonderland" is about graphene. That existed as long as graphite exists only had no one recognized its properties. Graphite was in the 16th Century found by the English and lumbago (lead ore) called. The pencil was the high-tech instrument European intelligence. 1779 recognized that there was no lead and ten years later it became known as graphite. Not too much, because it was provided with a military security classification and the export was set during the Napoleonic wars.

carbon atoms, consists of the graphite can form nanoparticles. Tubes, etc. The buckyballs were formed from the graphite and graphene is difficult to manufacture. It is the thinnest layer of graphite with the thickness of an atom. This opens up the graph a wide variety of application possibilities such as further miniaturized transistors and chemical detectors, superconductivity etc. It is an experimental material for quantum dynamics. But I do not want to dwell on it, otherwise I would have to write about tunnels and anti-particles. I will not do that to me.

"Detecting Nuclear Smuggling." This article draws attention to vulnerabilities that pierce the concept of the United States on how to find nuclear material at borders, so that it looks like Swiss cheese. Highly enriched uranium is the biggest threat, for smuggled it can be configured in the interior of a nuclear bomb. 20-foot-equivalent containers are standard. 2005 42 million were spent by them in the United States. All examined is the U.S. government of course difficult. - The authors have checked with a television crew of the ABC, when she was a few rods of uranium hidden in a container, which arrived without difficulty into the interior. Homeland Security was not amused about the program and imposed over one of the authors of a six-month foreign travel ban. We see that in addition to reporting on Wikileaks and other shortcomings of the U.S. authorities. And it gives them more than enough. Let us only to the Verkumpelung the authority should oversee oil drilling, with the BP. The U.S. government, of whatever party, her shop is not under control.

The authors warn of the billion-investment in detectors that are installed in each port already or yet to be. Waste of money. These can be in the middle of a container detect non-plug end-enriched fuel rods. The article was published in 2008 and today it is still the case that most containers left unchecked for lack of time to the country.

There are some short articles, of which "At the Edge of Life's Code" is interesting. The young mathematician and physicist Chris Wiggins sets about, with a self-improving computer program to find out more about genetic activity. It is important to know the rules, work with the genes. The herauszuklamüsern and then understand with other Just press as a whole will probably take several more decades. This also why some genes out of line and produce diseases such as cancer. At some point, people know it and then it takes several decades to use the knowledge to good use. Our generation and the next of which will probably not be able to benefit.